跨文化能力：交際與跨文化適應(yīng)的綜合理論
《外教社跨文化交際叢書·跨文化能力：交際與跨文化適應(yīng)的綜合理論》是跨文化交際適應(yīng)領(lǐng)域的一部理論力作，作者是美國俄克拉荷馬大學(xué)傳播學(xué)系教授Young Yun Kim(金榮淵)。她從全球化語境中文化交流的發(fā)展以及當(dāng)下跨...
《外教社跨文化交際叢書·跨文化能力：交際與跨文化適應(yīng)的綜合理論》是跨文化交際適應(yīng)領(lǐng)域的一部理論力作，作者是美國俄克拉荷馬大學(xué)傳播學(xué)系教授Young Yun Kim(金榮淵)。她從全球化語境中文化交流的發(fā)展以及當(dāng)下跨文化適應(yīng)研究存在的不足人手，闡述構(gòu)建綜合理論的必要性。她借鑒系統(tǒng)論的原理創(chuàng)建了自己的理論——交際與跨文化適應(yīng)的綜合理論，對(duì)跨文化適應(yīng)的六個(gè)關(guān)鍵層面作了深入的探討，闡述了該理論對(duì)跨文化實(shí)踐的啟示。《外教社跨文化交際叢書·跨文化能力：交際與跨文化適應(yīng)的綜合理論》架構(gòu)清晰，層次分明，包含深刻的人文思想與豐富的理論觀點(diǎn)，具有很高的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值。
Young Yun Kim(金榮淵)，是美國俄克拉荷馬大學(xué)傳播學(xué)系教授，國際跨文化研究院(International Academy for Intercultural Research)現(xiàn)任主席(2013-2015)，主要從事移民群體和少數(shù)族裔群體在美國與亞洲一些國家的跨文化適應(yīng)研究。她擔(dān)任《應(yīng)用傳播學(xué)研究》(Applied Communication Research)、《傳播理論》(Communication Theory)和《傳播學(xué)刊》(Journal of Communication)等11個(gè)國際學(xué)刊的編委，在《人類交際研究》(Human Communication Research)、《跨文化關(guān)系國際學(xué)刊》(International Journal of Intercultural Relations)、《傳播學(xué)年刊》(Communication Year book)和《跨文化交際理論》(Theorizingabout intercultural communication)等刊物與文集上發(fā)表了100多篇論文，撰寫和編輯了12本專業(yè)書籍，其代表作有《跨文化能力——交際與跨文化適應(yīng)的綜合理論》，(Becoming intercultural：An integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation)以及《與陌生人交際：跨文化交流方法》(Communicating with strangers：An approach to intercultural communication)(2003年與Gudykunst合著)。其中前者最能體現(xiàn)Kim的學(xué)術(shù)成就。她在此書中深入、完整地闡述了她的跨文化適應(yīng)理論，該理論推出后得到跨文化交際學(xué)界廣泛的引征與運(yùn)用。鑒于Kim在跨文化適應(yīng)研究方面所做出的杰出貢獻(xiàn)，國際傳播學(xué)會(huì)在2006年德國德累斯頓大會(huì)上授予她較高學(xué)術(shù)榮譽(yù)的終身成就獎(jiǎng)。以下我們介紹Kim的這本理論專著《跨文化能力——交際與跨文化適應(yīng)的綜合理論》。
List of Figures and Tables
Preface
Part Ⅰ.The Background
1.Introduction
Common Experiences of Crossing Cultures
Theorizing About Cross-Cultural Adaptation
2.Existing Approaches to Cross-Cultural Adaptation
Macro-Level and Micro-Level Perspectives
Long-Term and Short-Term Adaptation
Adaptation as Problem and Adaptation
as Learning/Growth
Varying Theoretical Accounts and Empirical
Assessments
Divergent Value Premises：Assimilationism And Pluralism
Toward Integration
PartII.The Theory
3.Organiz2ng Principles
The Domain and Boundary Conditions
Assumptions：Strangers as Open Systems
Mechanics of Theorizing
Empirical Grounding
4.The Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation
Cultural Adaptation
Cross-Cultural Adaptation
The Stress-Adaptation-Growth Dynamic：
A Process Model
Three Facets of Intercultural Transformation
Axioms
5.The Structure of Cross-Cultural Adaptation
Personal Communication：Host Communication
Competence
Social Communication
Environment
Predisposition
Linking Dimensions and Factors：A Structural Model
Assumptions，Axioms，and Theorems
PartIII.Elaborati On of the Theory
6.Personal Communication
Host Communication Competence
Cognitive Components
Affective Components
Operational Components
Linking Cognitive，Affective，and Operational
Components
7.Social Communic-ation
Host Social Communication
Ethnic Social Communication
Linking Factors of Host and Ethnic Social
Communication
8.Environment
Host Receptivity
Host Conformity Pressure
Ethnic Group Strength
Linking Factors of Communication and Environment
9.Predisposition
Preparedness for Change
Ethnic Proximity
Adaptive Personalit
Linking Factors of Communication and Predisposition
10.Intercultural Transformation
Functional Fitness
Psychological Health
Intercultural Identity
Emergence of Intercultural Personhood
Part IV.The Theory and the Reality
11.Research Considerations
The Theory：Principal Features
Theory·Research Correspondence
Toward Methodological Integration
12.Practical Insights
Understanding Adaptation Potential
Host Environment as Partner
W'dlingness to BeChanged
Managing Stress
Focusing on Communicative Engagement
Cultivating Adaptive Personality
Forging a Pam of Intercultural Personhood
Notes
Refefences
Index
About the AUthor
training and immigration-related assistance.The Vietnamese Associa-tionofIllinois，forexample，assists withmanyofitsmembers'needsby
providing transhtion services，housing information，transportation，and counseling(Kimf 1980).Ethnic retigiOUS organizations and social
clubs help strangers develop contacts and friendships with other
coethnics and provide advice concerning various questions that newly
arrived individuals might have(DeCocq，1976).
Similar supportive functions are also provided by ethnic mass
communication systerns.Ethnic media often provide at least some
information about the host environment.u This informing function of
ethnic media is often carried out through reports on immigration law
changes.tax laws，etiqueRet and other kinds of mformation that helps strangers adapt to the Iocal community.Ethnic media have been a vitalpart of communication processes in many ethnic communities.SuchhasbeenthecaseintheUnitedStatessincethefirstnewspaperaimedatan ethnic population，the Philadelphia Zeitung，produced for the bur-geoning German community in that city，began in 1732.According toZubrzycki(1958)，the ethnic(foreign-language)press in the UnitedStates peaked between 1884 and 1920，with 3，444 newspapers and iour-nals catering mostly to Europeans.Many of the early ethnicnewspapers have withered away，but the influx 0f Hispanics and
Asians has given rise to dozens of new ones.Today，several hundred
ethnic newspapers，in at least 40 languages，are reported to circulatein the United States(Sreenivasan，1996).In some large cities，such as
Chicago，Los Angeles，and New York，ethnic communities also have
access to foreign·language radio and television programs for vary-ing numbers of hours or days per week，in addition to their own
newspapers，movies on videotape，music casseRes，and magazines
available at neighborhood stores(Kelly，1985；Milkr，1987；Subervi.Velez，1986).
Along with community organizations，ethnic media serve as"gate-keepers"(Kurth，1970；Lewin，1951；Shoemaker，1991)or"culture bro-kers"(Snyder，1976).Through ethnic interpersonal ties and media USes，strangersareprovidedwithindirectlinkstothehostenvironment.Ina
study of the Spanish American community in Denver，Kurth(1970)found that newcomers looked to those ethnic friends and acquain-tances with greater access t0 the mainstream Anglo communit、，as"leaders"(P.141).Similarly，Mortland and Ledgerwood(1988)，in a
study of a Southeast Asian refugee community in Boston，identifled
a patronage system mostly invisible to American service providers.The refugee patrons were an integral part of the refugee communica.tion network，controlling the flow of information and resources
between Americans(including service agencies)and the refugee
population.
In addition，ethnic media serve an entertainment function in the
community，By providing entertainment for community members，ethnic media heIp relieve the pressures that strangers feel in dealing
withthehostenvironmentandhelpmeettheirneedsforfunandrelax-ation(Ward&Kennedy，1994).Ethnic media provide vital "emotional
refueling"to newly arrived strangersthelping them to cope with uncer-tainties and the sense of uprootedness(Deusen，1982；King，1984；Krause，1978).
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